- Generate writing topics and establish a purpose appropriate for the audience.
- Determine audience and purpose for self-selected and assigned writing tasks.
- Clarify ideas for writing assignments by using graphics or other organizers.
- Use revision strategies to improve the overall organization, the clarity and consistency of ideas within and among paragraphs and the logic and effectiveness of word choices.
- Select more effective vocabulary when editing by using a variety of resources and reference materials.
- Edit to improve fluency, grammar and usage.
- Apply tools to judge the quality of writing.
- Prepare writing for publication that is legible, follows an appropriate format and uses techniques such as electronic resources and graphics.
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- Use narrative strategies (e.g., dialogue and action) to develop characters, plot and setting and to maintain a consistent point of view.
- Write responses to literature that extend beyond the summary and support judgments through references to the text.
- Produce letters (e.g., business, letters to the editor, job applications) that address audience needs, stated purpose and context in a clear and efficient manner.
- Produce informational essays or reports that convey a clear and accurate perspective and support the main ideas with facts, details, examples and explanations.
- Use persuasive strategies, including establishing a clear position in support of a proposition or a proposal with organized and relevant evidence.
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- Use correct spelling conventions.
- Use conventions of punctuation and capitalization in written work.
- Use grammatical structures to effectively communicate ideas in writing.
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